This analysis found that total capital flight from Africa between 1970 to 2008 was $854 billion. However, this is a conservative estimate and the total could be as high as $1.8 trillion. Global Financial Integrity, March 2010.

An excellent overview of how the cross border nature of multinational companies’ operations combined with the absence of adequate transparency regulations have very damaging implications for a country’s ability to mobilize domestic resources. EURODAD, 2011.

Given the central role of shell companies in corruption, terrorism and money laundering, the authors investigated how easy it is to establish anonymous shell companies in different jurisdictions. They found that it is easier to establish shell companies in countries such as the USA, the UK and Canada than in well-known tax havens. Griffith University, 2012.

This 2012 research report from Tax Justice Network estimates that $21 to $32 trillion of global private financial wealth has been invested tax free through the world’s secrecy jurisdictions as of 2010. This is equivalent to the annual output of the US and Japan combined. These figures raise serious questions about current estimates of national income, debt ratios, and inequality.

Association of Concerned Africa Scholars, Fall 2012. An excellent set of articles on the problem of illicit capital flight from Africa.

A campaign launched by Tax Justice Network proposing that TNCs be taxed on the basis of where actual economic activity takes place. Currently, TNCs can shift profits to shell companies in low tax jurisdictions to avoid tax. A unitary approach would eliminate the use of these artificial accounting tactics.

Université du Québec à Montréal. An 2008 article (in French) examining tax evasion by the five major Canadian banks.

A general discussion of international and Canadian tax issues.

An article about the Uncut movement in the United Kingdom.

An article linking international and Canadian tax avoidance and evasion issues.